融资理论的实践效应及其验证——基于中国上市公司的数据分析

融资理论是企业制订融资政策的理论基础.不同的融资理论及管理思想将会导致企业采用不同的资金管理策略与政策.因此,融资理论及其实践效应又是预测企业资金管理政策的重要参数.本文以中国上市公司为基础,重点探讨优序融资理论和权衡融资理论在中国企业管理实践中的应用情况.研究表明,这两种理论在中国企业管理实践中都得到了不同程度的应用,但是比较而言,优序融资理论的受支持程度要高于权衡理论的受支持程度.     

数字金融发展对新创企业成长的影响——融资约束和研发投入的链式中介效应与异质性分析

新创企业在资源获取和配置方面存在相对弱势,尤其是传统金融排斥带来的融资约束不利于其持续成长。具有普惠性和精准性的数字金融则可以为新创企业提供更多更低成本的金融服务,进而促进其成长。然而,现有文献关于数字金融发展影响新创企业成长的专门研究较为缺乏,更缺少相关经验证据。本文认为,数字金融发展能够为新创企业创造良好的投融资环境,提升其金融资源获取和配置能力,从而促进新创企业成长。以2012—2020年中小板和创业板新创企业为样本的分析显示：（1）城市数字金融发展水平提高对新创企业成长具有显著的正向影响,其中融资约束的部分中介效应和“融资约束—研发投入”的链式中介效应显著,表明数字金融发展能够通过缓解融资约束促进新创企业成长,并存在“数字金融发展→缓解新创企业融资约束→增加新创企业研发投入→促进新创企业成长”的传导路径;（2）城市数字金融发展水平提高对新创企业成长的正向影响,在东部地区和数字化水平较高的地区显著,而在中西部地区和数字化水平较低的地区不显著,表明地区市场规模、市场化程度、对外开放水平以及数字化水平的提高有利于数字金融功能和作用的发挥;（3）城市数字金融发展水平提高对受融资约束较强的非国有新创企业和更依赖技术创新的高新技术新创企业成长具有显著的正向影响,而对国有新创企业和非高新技术新创企业成长没有显著影响,反映出融资约束是新创企业成长的主要障碍之一,而技术创新是新创企业提升成长能力的主要路径之一。相比现有文献,本文探讨了数字金融发展对新创企业成长的影响,为数字金融发展促进新创企业成长及其链式作用机制和异质性提供了经验证据,拓展和深化了关于数字金融支持实体经济发展的研究以及企业成长的影响因素研究。本文研究表明,数字金融发展存在“长尾效应”,有助于解决企业早期融资中的“最初一公里”堵点问题。因此,各地应坚持深化改革开放,积极推动数字经济发展,不断提高市场化和数字化水平,充分发挥数字金融的积极效应;金融机构要关注各类企业的金融需求,有针对性地优化金融服务、创新金融产品,更好地服务于实体经济发展;新创企业应充分利用数字金融发展带来的便利与机会,强化技术创新,进而实现高质量持续成长。     

民间借贷的组织化效率：山东省首家市级民间融资登记服务中心案例

本文通过对山东省首家市级民间融资登记服务中心的分析后认为，由政府主导的俱乐部性质的组织化管理安排，能够制定有效的外部规则，实现政府与市场的合理互动。其成功的运作，能够提高自发、无序发展的小额民间资本融资对接效率，促进民间融资市场规范化、阳光化发展。在当前民间融资风险频发背景下，具有较强的现实指导意义。     

Policy induced increases in private healthcare financing provide short-term relief of total healthcare expenditure growth: Evidence from OECD countries

Healthcare reforms have long been advocated as a cure to the increasing healthcare expenditures in advanced economies. Nevertheless, it has not been established whether a market solution via private financing, rather than public financing, curb aggregate healthcare expenditures. To our knowledge, this paper is the first that quantifies the impact of reforms that significantly increases (decreases) the private (public) share of healthcare financing on total healthcare expenditures relative to income in 20 OECD countries. Our reform measure is based on structural break testing of the private share of total expenditures, and verification using evidence of policy reforms. To quantify the effect of these reforms we apply Propensity Score Matching and Inverse Probability Weighted regression analysis. Over a 5-year evaluation period the reforms lead to an accumulated cost saving 0.45 percentage points of GDP. The yearly effects of the reforms are largest in the first years in the post-reform period and decreases in size as a function of time since the reform. Our findings suggest that the investigated healthcare reforms have a relatively short-lived effect on aggregate health spending relative to GDP. The findings are robust to various sensitivity tests.     

Comparative financing analysis and political economy of noncommunicable diseases

The pandemic of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) poses substantial challenges to the health financing sustainability in high-income and low/middle income countries (LMICs). The aim of this review is to identify the bottle neck inefficiencies in NCDs attributable spending and propose sustainable health financing solutions. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the “best buy” concept to scale up the core intervention package against NCDs targeted for LMICs. Population- and individual-based NCD best buy interventions are projected at US$170 billion over 2011–2025. Appropriately designed health financing arrangements can be powerful enablers to scale up the NCD best buys. Rapidly developing emerging nations dominate the landscape of LMICs. Their capability and willingness to invest resources for eradicating NCDs could strengthen WHO outreach efforts in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, much beyond current capacities. There has been a declining trend in international donor aid intended to cope with NCDs over the past decade. There is also a serious misalignment of these resources with the actual needs of recipient countries. Globally, the momentum towards the financing of intersectoral actions is growing, and this presents a cost-effective solution. A budget discrepancy of 10:1 in WHO and multilateral agencies remains in donor aid in favour of communicable diseases compared to NCDs. LMICs are likely to remain a bottleneck of NCDs imposed financing sustainability challenge in the long-run. Catastrophic household health expenditure from out of pocket spending on NCDs could plunge almost 150 million people into poverty worldwide. This epidemiological burden coupled with population ageing presents an exceptionally serious sustainability challenge, even among the richest countries which are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Strategic and political leadership of WHO and multilateral agencies would likely play essential roles in the struggle that has just begun.     

A quantitative study of financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies: A three‐stage data envelopment analysis

This study set out to evaluate the financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies. Applying a three‐stage data envelopment analysis with the data from 85 listed companies in China's low‐carbon industries over the period 2011 to 2017, this study has found that the overall financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies was relatively high, and the pure technical efficiency was quite steady over the period. The overall financing efficiency of these low‐carbon companies on average tended to change with the scale efficiency. This study has also shown that the scale efficiency was the main constraint influencing the financing efficiency of low‐carbon companies in China over the period. Our results are robust and have significant implications for policy makers and corporate managers.     

内外融资对企业不同阶段创新投资的异质性效应——基于中国制造业上市公司的数据

根据创新价值链理论，将企业创新活动分为研究阶段（R）与开发阶段（D），探究内外源融资方式对企业不同创新阶段投资的异质性效应，为企业选择创新活动的融资渠道和政府设计精准支持企业创新政策提供参考。基于中国制造业上市公司数据实证研究发现：内源融资对企业研究投资有显著促进效应，对开发投资未产生显著促进作用；债权融资对研究投资和开发投资的作用均不显著；股权融资对研究投资的影响不显著，但对开发投资具有显著影响。内源融资对债权融资与研究投资、债权融资与开发投资的关系不具有调节效应；内源融资对股权融资与研究投资关系具有正向显著调节效应，对股权融资与开发投资的关系具有正向调整作用但不显著。     

实体企业金融投资收益对中国宏观经济波动的影响分析

实体企业热衷于从金融市场获取投资收益，个别企业甚至出现了过度金融化的倾向，成为经济新常态大背景下的一种独特的经济现象。对2009~2018年我国宏观经济的发展动向及实体企业金融化的具体数据展开研究，并以同期沪深两市3567个有效面板数据为研究对象，建立一种多元回归统计分析模型，研究实体企业金融投资收益对宏观经济波动所产生的影响。实证分析结果表明，实体企业投资金融收益与宏观经济波动显著相关，这种过度金融投资行为增加了金融市场的不稳定性，给宏观经济的平稳发展带来了新的阻力。     

媒体关注与企业创新绩效

媒体关注是会发挥信息功能的正面效应进而促进企业创新，还是会发挥负面效应给管理者形成外部压力从而抑制企业创新？在梳理媒体关注信息功能的基础上，基于2010~2018年A股上市公司数据分析媒体关注与企业创新绩效的关系。研究发现：媒体关注对企业创新绩效起到促进作用，在控制了内生性问题后，这一结论依然成立。通过对报道性质进行区分，发现非负面报道对创新绩效的促进作用更加明显，而负面报道并没有显著降低企业创新绩效。在影响机制分析中发现融资约束在媒体关注与企业创新绩效之间起到中介作用，即媒体关注通过缓解企业融资约束进而提高创新绩效。     

The role of venture capital in SME loans in China

We examine the role of venture capital (VC) in small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) loans through samples on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations (NEEQ) in China. We find that VC backup can effectively improve SMEs’ access to bank loans, especially short-term loans, at lower costs, and loans without collateral. VC backed loans are also less likely to default and positively related to SMEs’ performance. Our findings further suggest that VC backup reduces the information asymmetry between banks and SMEs through both “hard” information of better-quality financial statement and “soft” information of SMEs’ creditability. Evidenced by enhanced SME financing conditions and bank efficiency in loan allocation, the combined debt-equity financing scheme can be a meaningful new ingredient in the financial infrastructure of the largest emerging market.